Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of serum TGF-β and interleukins(IL) in patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) induced by EV71, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 50 cases of HFMD patients in our hospital from May 2011 to May 2014 were enrolled in this research. They were divided into normal case group and severe case group, with 25 cases in each group. Another 20 cases of healthy children were selected as control group. The serum IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, Il-10, transcription growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels of the three groups were detected and compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. RESULTS The serum IL-1,IL2, IL6, IL10, TGF-β, TNF-α, NF-κB and hs-CRP levels of HFMD patients were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The above inflammatory factors of severe case group were significantly higher than those of normal case group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Abnormal inflammatory factors were enrolled in the pathogenesis of HFMD and have a close relationship with the severity of HFMD.