Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study characteristics and risk factors of temporary central venous indwelling catheter-related infection occurred in hemodialysis patients, and propose appropriate nursing measures, so as to provide guidance for decrease the infection of temporary central venous indwelling catheter in patients with hemodialysis. METHODS The 41 patients occurred infections from a total of 232 cases of hemodialysis patients with central venous indwelling from Mar. 2012 to Mar. 2015 were chosen as study objects, which were under analysis for infection factors, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. RESULTS The temporary central venous indwelling catheter infection rate was 17.67%, and a total of 52 strains of pathogen were detected, mainly with gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 57.66%, 29 strains. After multivariate analysis, age ≥55 years, temporary catheter >1 week, skin infections, diabetes, nephritis and antimicrobial drug use were independent risk factors for temporary central venous indwelling catheter-related infection for hemodialysis patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A variety of factors led to the temporary central venous indwelling catheter-related infection for hemodialysis patients, so hospitals should strengthen awareness of prevention of infection after dialysis, to decrease the incidence of temporary central venous indwelling catheter-related infection.