Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors of factors for surgical site infection in patients with liver and gallbladder surgery and discuss clinical nursing strategies, so as to provide the basis for clinical control of postoperative infection. METHODS A total of 834 cases of patients with liver and gallbladder surgery in our hospital were selected from Jul. 2011 to Nov. 2015. The clinical data and related influencing factors of infection were analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0. RESULTS There were 57 cases of surgical site infection, with the infection rate of 6.83%. The logistic regression analysis showed that the age, preoperative blood glucose and liver function abnormalities, low hemoglobin, preoperative infection, surgical incision types, laparoscopic surgery, emergency surgery, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, indwelling drainage tube time and NISS score were the independent risk factors for the surgical site infection in patients with liver and gallbladder surgerys. CONCLUSION There are more risk factors in patients with surgical site infection. It should to strengthen nursing, prevention and control to reduce the incidence of infections.