Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenic bacteria characteristics and influencing factors of nosocomial infections in obstetric department, so as to provide references for reducing nosocomial infection rate. METHODS A total of 2031 cases of maternal clinical data in hospital from Apr. 2011 to Apr. 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, nosocomial infection rate and the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria were recorded, and the nosocomial infection risk factors were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0. RESULTS Totally 19 cases of maternal infection occurred in 2031 cases, with the nosocomial infection rate of 0.9%. Totally 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the maternal samples, and mainly were 13 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 54.2%. Multiple factors analysis showed that delivery mode, gestational diabetes, the number of vaginal examination, and hospital stay were independent risk factors for nosocomial infections(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The main pathogenic bacteria in obstetric department nosocomial infections are gram-negative bacteria, and delivery method, gestational diabetes, the number of vaginal examination, and hospital stay are independent risk factors for the occurrence of hospital infections. The main measures to reduce the nosocomial infection rate are developing the corresponding preventive measures according to the risk factors of nosocomial infections.