Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study detection and significance of serum infection indicators of recipients before transfusion, in order provide evidence to improve the blood transfusion qualified rate. METHODS Clinical data of 11,279 cases of patients underwent transfusion therapy from Dec. 2014 to Dec. 2015 were selected. The serum infection indicators were detected by chemiluminescence method, and the clinical value and significance of serum infection indicators of recipients before transfusion were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. RESULTS Totally 648 positive cases of related infection indicators were detected in 1279 patients, accounting for 5.7%, and the top two were: hepatitis B surface antigen and HIV antibody, accounting for 5.04% and 0.58%; treponema pallidum antibody positive patients were mainly in department of gynecology, accounting for 58.34%; hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive patients were mainly in department of surgery and department of medicine, accounting for 34.62% and 24.96%; HIV positive patients were mainly in department of surgery and department of medicine, accounting for 32.31% and 24.62%; HCV antibody positive patients were mainly in department of obstetrics, accounting for 100.0%. CONCLUSION Serum infection indicators in patients before transfusion have certain positive rates, and detection of serum infection indicators should be strengthened before transfusion, so as to discover the source of infection, and reduce the infection rates.