Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria of catheter related infections in the hospital NICU, so as to provide theoretical guidance and basis for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 1051 cases of children admitted to hospital NICU from Jun. 2014 to Jun. 2015 were under retrospectively analysis. The catheter-related infection rate and pathogenic bacteria distribution were analyzed. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistic analysis. RESULTS There were 102 cases of nosocomial infections in 1051 cases of newborns, and the infection rate was 9.71%, among which 19 cases had catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) and 9 cases had ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); CRBSI and VAP incidence rates decreased with the increasing birth weight of newborns, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). A total of 28 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the 28 cases of newborns, mainly gram-negative bacteria, totally 23 strains, accounting for 82.14%. CONCLUSION Most of the catheter-related infections happens because of intravenous nutrition to the children and mechanical ventilation, and the risk factor associated with infections is birth weight. The main pathogens related to catheter are Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus, which should be given attention in clinic.