Abstract: OBJECTIVE To discuss correlation between the changes of serum Leptin(Lep), soluble leptin receptor(sLR) and blood lipid levels in biliary tract infection patients, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of gallbladder infection. METHODS A total of 100 patients with biliary tract infection from Jan. to Aug. 2015 treated in the hospital were selected as biliary infection group, another 50 healthy people in outpatient health examination as control group. Lep, sLR and blood lipid levels were compared in two groups, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. RESULTS The levels of Lep, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were (65.30±10.91) ng/μL, (1.73±0.97) mmol/L, (3.40±1.12) mmol/L and (4.09±0.47) mmol/L in biliary infection group,which were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Lep and blood lipid increase significantly but SLR decreases obviously in the biliary infection group patients. Lep has close correlation with elevated blood lipids, and Lep rise is likely to be one of the causes of dyslipidemia in patients with biliary tract infection.