Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between absolute neutrophil count（ANC） and immune function changes and infection of lymphocytic cysts after gynecological surgery, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of lymphatic cysts complicated with infection after gynecological surgery. METHODS A total of 100 patients with lymphocysts after pelvic lymphadenectomy at Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2018 were selected as study subjects.The lymphocyst fluid was detected for pathogenic bacteria, and blood ANC, serum immunoglobulin A（IgA）, IgG, IgM, the absolute counts of T cell subsets（CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺, CD₈⁺） and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ were also detected. RESULTS Totally 27 patients had concurrent infection, the infection rate was 27.00%. Among them, 21 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the lymphocyst fluid of 21 patients, including 10 strains of Staphylococcus, 6 strains of Streptococcus, 3 strains of Enterococcus and 2 strains of others. The levels of ANC, IgA, IgG, IgM, CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺, and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ in patients with infection were（0.65±0.23）×10⁹ /L,（3.28±2.11）g/L,（9.70±1.72）g/L,（1.26±0.68）g/L,（41.21±4.38）%,（32.11±4.15）%,and（1.07±0.43）, respectively, lower than those in patients without infection. The CD₈⁺ levels in patients with infection were（30.33±2.89） %, significantly higher than that in patients without infection（P＜0.001）. Low ANC and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ levels were the influencing factorsof concurrent infection in patients with lymphangitic cysts after gynecological operation（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION Gynecological postoperative cysts patients were prone to cystic infections when ANC and immune function were low. The factors that cause postoperative lymphocystic infections should be prevented and controlled. If the patients had ANC and immunocompromised, they should be actively corrected to avoid concurrent infection.