Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of postoperative nosocomial infection and influencing factors of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli（CR-GNB） infections in patients post liver transplantation, so as to provide scientific basis for postoperative infection prevention and control. METHODS The clinical data of 188 patients with liver transplantation in the West China hospital of Sichuan University from Jan. 2017 to Jun. 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. A 1∶4 paired case-control study was performed, and 16 patients with CR-GNB infection were assigned as case group and 55 non-infectious patients as control group（9 of which were 1∶3 pairing）. The clincial data of patients’ gender, age and antibiotic use and basic disease were analyzed, and the influencing factors of postoperative CR-GNB infection in liver transplantation patients were summarized. RESULTS Among 188 cases of liver transplantation patients, 35 patients（18.62%） had post-operative infection. The main pathogens of CR-GNB infection were carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB） and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）. The adverse prognosis rate of CR-GNB infected patients was 62.50%, significantly higher than that of non-infected patients（9.15%）（P＜0.001）. The combination of antibiotics and long-term tracheal intubation was the influencing factors of CR-GNB infection in patients after liver transplantation（P＜0.05）. Long-term tracheal intubation was the influencing factor of CRAB infection in patients after liver transplantation（P=0.040）, but it was not associated with CRKP infection. CONCLUSION The infection rate of liver transplantation is high, and CR-GNB infection will lead to poor prognosis. Reasonable control measures should be taken for different infection factors to reduce postoperative infection rate.