Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical significance of phosphoprotein 65（pp65）and glycoprotein B（gB） in human cytomegalovirus（HCMV） infection of patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（HSCT） based on the study of these two antigens. METHODS Clinical data of 17 patients with hematologic diseases who underwent HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from Nov. 2010 to Jul. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including the detection of HCMV pp65, gB, immunoglobulin M（IgM） and immunoglobulin G（IgG） within 24 months after transplantation. The patients were divided into three groups according to the detection time,and the relationship of these indicators in HCMV infection were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS Within 24 months after transplantation, HCMV pp65 was positively correlated with gB antigen（P=0.001）, and HCMV gB antigen was positively correlated with HCMV IgG antibody（P=0.016）. The positive rates of HCMV pp65, gB antigen, HCMV IgM, and IgG antibodies were 64.71%,39.22%,11.76%, and 100.00%, respectively. Among them, The positive rate of pp65 was significantly higher than that of gB, and the positive rate of IgG was significantly higher than IgM（P＜0.05, respectively）. The positive rate of HCMV gB antigen in group B was significantly higher than that in group A（P=0.013）. During this period, 16 patients were infected with HCMV, accounting for 94.12%. The positive rate of HCMV pp65 antigen was significantly different among different primary disease types（P=0.039）, the highest in acute myeloid leukemia（AML） patients was 91.67%, and the lowest in myelodysplastic syndrome（MDS） patients was 33.33%. The positive rate of HCMV pp65 antigen in patients without acute graft-versus-host disease（aGVHD） after HSCT was significantly higher than in patients with aGVHD（P=0.042）. There was no significant difference of pp65 antigen positive rate of HCMV among different genders, different ages, different sources of donors, whether anti-thymocyte globulin（ATG） was used in pretreatment and whether chronic graft-versus-host disease（cGVHD） occurred. There was no significant difference of the positive rate of HCMV gB antigen among the above clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Regular monitoring of HCMV antigens and antibodies after HSCT can effectively guide clincially reasonable anti-HCMV treatment and use of immunosuppressant.