Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic value and clinical significance of procalcitonin（PCT）, interferon-γ（IFN-γ） combined with transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） for puerperal infection of cesarean section women. METHODS Forty-five patients with puerperal infection after cesarean section admitted in Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Sichuan Provincial Women and Children Hospital from Jul. 2015 to Mar. 2019 were selected as the study group, and 45 patients without puerperal infection after cesarean section were selected as the control group. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in puerperium-infected women was analyzed. The levels of PCT, IFN-γ and TGF-β 1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The area under the ROC curve（AUC） of the subjects with single index and joint detection was calculated, and the best cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were analyzed, so as to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of PCT, IFN-γ and TGF-β 1 in postpartum infection after cesarean section. RESULTS A total of 87 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from vagina and cervix in 45 puerperal women with cesarean section infection, among which 29 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 33.33%, 14 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 16.09%, 44 strains of mycoplasma accounted for 50.57% including 25 strains of human mycoplasma and 18 strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The PCT, IFN-γ and TGF-β 1 in the study group were（1.57±0.98） μg/ml,（10.46±3.84） pg/L, and（6.18±2.35） ng/L, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control group（P＜0.001）. The area under ROC curve of single indicator was significantly lower than that of combined detection level（AUC: 0.821; 95% CI: 0.752-0.894）（P＜0.05）; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of single index were significantly lower than those of combined detection sensitivity（83.47%）, specificity（88.52%）, positive predictive value（90.31%） and negative predictive value（87.92%）（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION Mycoplasma was the main pathogen of puerperal infection in cesarean section women, so we should pay more attention to it and carry out active and effective treatment. The combined detection of PCT, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 level has important clinical application in the diagnosis of puerperal infection.