Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between neurosyphilis and diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. METHODS The serological detection of syphilis were performed by rapid plasma reagin test and Treponema pallidum gelatin granule agglutination test. The white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid was measured by automatic blood cell analyzer. Biochemical indicators such as the cerebrospinal fluid protein, blood glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, lipoprotein（a）, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia-related factors were compared between patients with neurosyphilis and non-infectious central nervous system diseases. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels of neurosyphilis are not significantly different from non-infectious central nervous system diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, systolic blood pressure and grade 3 hypertension in patients with neurosyphilis were 45.00%（36/80）, 138（117,150）mmHg and 17.50%（14/80）, respectively, significantly higher than those in patients with non-infectious central nervous system diseases（P＜0.05）. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B in patients with neurosyphilis were 20.00%（16/80）, 4.32（3.77,5.26） mmol/L, 3.03（2.48,3.81） mmol/L and 0.87（0.75,1.08） mmol/L, respectively, significantly higher than those in patients with non-infectious central nervous system diseases（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION Neurosyphilis might lead to metabolic disorders. For patients with neurosyphilis, timely attention should be paid to possible metabolic disorders in the future and early intervention should be performed to avoid delay in treatment.