Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hand hygiene compliance training on pulmonary infection in patients with high altitude pulmonary heart disease, so as to provide references for reducing the incidence of pulmonary infection. METHODS Totally 11 cleaning staff were given hand hygiene compliance training from Dec. 2015 to May 2016. The 37 cases of pulmonary infection rate, the total number of bacteria and hand hygiene compliance before and after the training were compared. RESULTS Before training, the pulmonary infection rate of patients was 20.00%, and after the pulmonary infection rate was 5.88%. Before training, the total bacteria count in hand of 11 cleaning staff were more than 10 CFU/cm², including three cases of 11-100 CFU / cm², six cases of 101-500 CFU / cm2, and 2 cases of 500 CFU / cm²; and after training, the total bacteria count did not exceed 500 CFU / cm2, of which 7 cases were ≤10 CFU / cm², two cases were 11-100 CFU / cm², and two cases were 101-500 CFU / cm². Before training, the hand hygiene compliance of cleaning staff before operation, after operation, before contacting with the patients, and after contacting with the patients were 54.55%, 36.36%, 63.64%,and 63.64%, respective. After the training, the hand hygiene compliance were 81.82%, 72.73%, 72.73%, and 90.91%, respectively. CONCLUSION To carry out cleaning staff hand hygiene compliance training can reduce the risk of pulmonary infection in patients with high altitude pulmonary heart disease, and improve the hand hygiene compliance of the cleaning staff, so it is worthy of clinical promotion.