Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of pathogens causing infectious pneumonia in neonates and analyze the risk factors so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment of the neonates with infectious pneumonia. METHODS The clinical data of 1064 neonates who were hospitalized the neonatology department from Apr 2012 to Mar 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and 96 neonates had infectious pneumonia. The distribution of pathogens and the related risk factors were observed, and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS 18.0 software. RESULTS The infectious pneumonia occurred in 96 of 1 064 neonates, with the incidence rate 9.02%. A total of 102 strains of pathogens were isolated, of which 67.65% were gram-negative bacteria, 30.39% were gram-positive bacteria, and 1.96% were fungi. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii were the major species of the gram-negative bacteria; the Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species of the gram-negative bacteria. The univariate analysis showed that the risk factors for the infectious pneumonia in the neonates included the small gestational age, low birth weight, low level of serum albumin, contamination of amniotic fluid, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, and endotracheal intubation (P＜0.05). The non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors for the infectious pneumonia in the neonates included the low birth weight, low level of serum albumin, contamination of amniotic fluid, premature rupture of membrane, fetal distress, and endotracheal intubation (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION There are a variety of factors that are associated with the infectious pneumonia in the neonates, and it is necessary to take targeted measures so as to reduce the incidence of the infectious pneumonia.