Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the related factors for central venous catheter-related infections in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and put forward the intervention countermeasures so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing. METHODS A total of 152 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy from Jan 2010 to Jan 2015 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according the nursing modes, with 76 cases in each. The observation group was treated with nursing intervention, while the control group was given the conventional nursing. The incidence rates of nosocomial infections were observed and compared between the two groups after the nursing interventions were taken, the conditional analysis was carried out for the related factors for the central venous catheter-related infections, and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS16.0 software. RESULTS The incidence rate of nosocomial infections was 10.5% in the observation group before the nursing intervention, 11.8% in the control group, and there was no significant difference; the incidence rate of nosocomial infections was 2.6% in the observation group after the nursing intervention, significantly lower than 9.2% in the control group (P<0.05). The central venous catheter-related infections occurred in 17 of 152 patients before the nursing intervention, and totally 15 strains of pathogens were isolated from the catheter secretions. The leading causes of the central venous catheter-related infections in the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy included the age, catheter indwelling time, time of chemotherapy, underlying disease, intravenous high nutrition, and use of hormones. The risk factors for the central venous catheter-related infections in the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy included the age, catheter indwelling time, and time of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION There are a variety of risk factors for the central venous catheter-related infections in the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The effective nursing intervention may reduce the infection rate.