Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the effectiveness of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics for clean incision surgery in above secondary hospitals in Xi'an since the special rectification of clinical use of antibiotics was conducted 3 years ago so as to provide guidance for reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS The clinical data were collected from the discharged patients who underwent the type Ⅰ incision surgery in 8 tertiary hospitals and 6 secondary hospitals in Xi'an from 2011 to 2013, then the perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics was observed, and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS13.0 software. RESULTS During the past 3 years, the rate of prophylactic use of antibiotics for the type Ⅰ incision surgery dropped from 87.10% to 39.25% in the secondary hospitals, and it decreased from 95.54% to 39.66% in the tertiary hospitals. The antibiotics prophylaxis contained 11 categories and 46 types in the secondary hospitals and 12 categories and 60 types in the tertiary hospitals. The utilization rate of the first generation cephalosporins increased from 31.04% to 69.91% in the secondary hospitals and increased from 42.60% to 79.49% in the tertiary hospitals. The rate of initial administration within 30min~2 hours before the surgery increased from 69.96% to 98.09% in the secondary hospitals and increased from 62.97% to 87.49% in the tertiary hospitals. The proportion of the patients with the administration course less than 24 hours increased from 10.52% to 33.01% in the secondary hospitals and increased from 12.73% to 40.77% in the tertiary hospital. CONCLUSION The prophylactic use of antibiotics for the type Ⅰ incision surgery has achieved significant effectiveness in Xi'an since the special rectification was conducted three years ago, however, the problems such as long medication course remains; it is necessary to strengthen the management and develop a long-term mechanism.