Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of small incision surgery assisted by thoracoscope on treatment of the parcel tuberculous empyema patients complicated with infections so as to raise the clinical cure rate. METHODS A total of 24 parcel tuberculous empyema patients complicated with infections who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2010 to Aug 2015 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 12 cases in each, and the data of the enrolled patients were analyzed. The control group was treated with the conventional thoracotomy, while the experimental group was treated with small incision surgery assisted by thoracoscope, and the therapeutic effects were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The operation duration and postoperative drainage time of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the intraoperative hemorrhage volume of the experimental group was significantly less than that of the control group (P<0.05). The intraoperative total drainage volume and postoperative total amount of morphine were significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group, the postoperative hospitalization duration of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). The forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and total lung capacity were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group after the treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The small incision surgery assisted by thoracoscope can achieve ideal effect on treatment of the parcel tuberculous empyema patients complicated with infections, improve the clinical efficacy, and induce less surgical trauma, with the cure rate high.