Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer patients so as to provide guidance for clinical detection and prevention of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. METHODS A total of 128 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer patients who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2010 to Jan 2015 were enrolled in the study, then the subtypes of HPV infection were investigated, the enrolled patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 64 cases in each. The clinical characteristics of detection of HPV were observed and compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS Of the 64 patients in the experimental group, 41 had single type HPV infection, and 23 had multiple types of HPV infection. Of the 64 patients in the control group, 44 had single type HPV infection, and 20 had multiple types of HPV infection, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Of the subtypes of HPV that were detected positive in the 128 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, 54 strains were HPV16, 17 strains were HPV58, 16 strains were HPV33, 9 strains were HPV52, 8 strains were HPV18, and 8 strains of HPV31. The detection rate of high-risk HPV infection was relatively low in the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, while the detection rate of the low-risk HPV infection was relatively high. CONCLUSION The incidence rate of HPV infection is relatively high in the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. The subtypes of HPV can be detected by using diversion hybridization technique, which has great significance in clinical prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.