Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of intracranial infections in patients with long-term ventricular drainage tube indwelling so as to reduce the incidence of the intracranial infections. METHODS From Feb 2013 to Jun 2015, a total of 412 neurosurgery department patients who were treated with drainage after craniocerebral surgery were enrolled in the study, then the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, the influence of the intubation sites and tube indwelling time on the incidence of intracranial infections in the patients with long-term ventricular drainage tube indwelling was observed, the distribution and drug resistance of the common species of pathogens causing the intracranial infections were analyzed, and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS The infection rate of the patients with the intubation site of ventricle was 23.97%, significantly higher than that of the patients with other intubation sites (P<0.05). The infection rate was 5.50% in the patients with the indwelling time varying from 1 to 2 days, 26.03% in the patients with the indwelling time varying from 3 to 4 days, 41.67% in the patients with the indwelling time no less than 5 days. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida tropicalis were the major species of pathogens causing the intracranial infections, accounting for 27.14%, 21.43%, and 12.86%, respectively. The drug resistance rates of S.aureus to aztreonam and penicillin were no less than 50.00%; the drug resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to azithromycin was as high as 100.00%; the drug resistance rate of P.aeruginosa to imipenem was 80.00%; the drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli to vancomycin was 71.43%; the drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to vancomycin was 57.14%; the drug resistance rate of Enterobacter cloacae to aztreonam was 83.33%. CONCLUSION The patients with long-term ventricular drainage tube indwelling are at high risk of intracranial infections, the probability of the infections is increased with the extension of the drainage tube indwelling, and it is necessary to reasonably use antibiotics on the basis of the results of the drug susceptibility testing.