Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in early diagnosis of infection-related kidney injury in ICU patients so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis. METHODS A total of 120 patients who were hospitalized the general ICU from Jan 2014 to Oct 2015 were recruited as the study objects and divided into the infection group with 24 cases and the non-infection group with 96 cases. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the levels of serum creatinine (Scr), glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ), and KIM-1 were compared between the two groups of patients; the levels of Scr, eGFR, and KIM-1 were compared between the AKI patients and the non-AKI patients. The value of KIM-1 in diagnosis of early kidney injury was evaluated. RESULTS The AKI occurred in 18 patients in the infection group with the incidence rate of 75.00% and in 2 patients in the non-infection group with the incidence rate of 2.08%, and there was significant difference between the two groups (χ²=8.417,P＜0.05). There was significant difference in the levels of Scr or eGFR between the AKI patients and the non-AKI patients at 40h or 48h (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the levels of KIM-1 between the two groups of patients at 16-48h (P<0.05). The sensitivity of the KIM-1 in diagnosis of the AKI was 95.00%, the specificity 98.00%, the Youden index 0.9300. CONCLUSION The kidney injury molecule-1 has significant value in early diagnosis of the infection-related kidney injury.