Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing lung abscess infections in lung cancer patients and put forward the prevention measures so as to reduce the incidence of the infections. METHODS The clinical data of 308 lung cancer patients who were treated in the hospital from May 2012 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The sputum culture was carried out for 45 patients complicated with lung abscess infections, the drug susceptibility testing was performed, the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens were observed, and the prevention measures were put forward. RESULTS The lung abscess infections occurred in 45 of 308 lung cancer patients, with the infection rate of 14.61%. Among the isolated pathogens, 53.66% were gram-negative bacteria, 34.15% were gram-positive bacteria, and 12.19% were fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were dominant among the pathogens, accounting for 19.51%, 23.17%, and 13.41%, respectively. The drug resistance rates of the gram-positive bacteria to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem-cilastatin, and vancomycin were low; the drug resistance rates of P.aeruginosa to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, tobramycin, and imipenem-cilastatin were low; the drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli to imipenem and imipenem-cilastatin were low; the drug resistance rates of K.pneumoniae to imipenem-cilastatin and minocycline were low. CONCLUSION The incidence of lung abscess infections is high in the lung cancer patients. It is necessary to carry out the sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing in a timely manner and reasonably use antibiotics based on the results of the drug susceptibility testing so as to improve the therapeutic effect.