Abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare the related intraoperative indicators and incidence of postoperative biliary tract infections between the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the patients undergoing cholecystolithotomy and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the two methods so as to choose appropriate surgery. METHODS A total of 150 patients with gallbladder stones who were treated from May 2014 to May 2015 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 75 cases in each. The observation group was treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, while the control group was given laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy. The operation duration, intraoperative bleeding amount, length of hospital stay, and incidence of biliary tract infections were observed and compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS The incidence rate of postoperative biliary tract infections was 0 in the observation group (75 cases); the postoperative biliary tract infections occurred in 7 of 75 patients in the control group, with the infection rate of 9.33%, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Of the isolated pathogenic bacteria, 71.42% were Escherichia coli, and 28.58% were Enterococcus faecalis. The drug resistance rate of the E.coli to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was higest (80.00%), and the drug resistance rate of the E.faecalis to vancomycin was lowest (0). The operation duration and length of hospital stay were longer in the observation group than in the control group. The intraoperative bleeding amount of the observation group was significantly more than that of the control group, and there was significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Although the laparoscopic cholecystectomy leads to remarkably more bleeding amount than the cholecystolithotomy, it has obvious advantages in