Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the additional delivery timing and number of times of intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing cerebral surgery so as to promote the reasonable clinical use of antibiotics during perioperative period and prevent incision infections. METHODS On the basis of real cases, the additional delivery timing and number of times of intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis were determined based on the pharmacokinetics model, by setting 100.0% of fT>MIC% as the target threshold, and by combining with the effective cover time of antibiotics. RESULTS The intraoperative additional delivery timing of antimicrobial agents should be determined with the time point when the concentration of foregoing dose of antibiotic decreased to MIC, in the same way, the intraoperative (postoperative)additional delivery times were determined according to the preoperative medication timing, operation duration, and entire time period of 4 h after surgery. CONCLUSION The additional delivery timing and number of times of intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis are theoretically explored for the patients undergoing the cerebral surgery based on the PK/PD features of antibiotics, which may provide preliminary guidance for reasonable formulation of intraoperative additional delivery timing and number of times.