Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the serum cytokines and the liver cirrhosis ascites infections so as to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of the infections. METHODS Totally 38 patients with liver cirrhosis ascites infections who were treated in the hospital from Jun 2013 to Dec 2014 were assigned as the infection group, meanwhile, 38 liver cirrhosis patients without ascites infections were chosen as the non-infection group, and 38 healthy people were set as the control group.The levels of serum cytokines were compared among the three groups of participants, and the levels of serum cytokines of the patients with mild, moderate, or severe ascites were compared between the infection group and the non-infection group; the logistic analysis was performed for the relationship between the above indicators and the liver cirrhosis ascites infections. RESULTS The levels of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), γ-interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) of the infection group were respectively (14.52±1.89)pg/ml, (16.64±1.99)pg/ml, (23.84±2.46)ng/L, and(3.89±0.37)ng/ml, higher than those of the non-infection group and the control group; the levels of the serum cytokines of the non-infection group were higher than those of the control group.The levels of the serum cytokines of the patients with mild, moderate, or severe ascites were higher in the infection group than in the non-infection group.The logistic analysis indicated that the above serum indicator were closely associated with the liver cirrhosis ascites infections (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The serum cytokines of the patients with liver cirrhosis ascites infections show high expression state.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of the serum cytokines and take intervention measures.