Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus causing bloodstream infections so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics.METHODS The related clinical data were collected from 76 patients with S.aureus bloodstream infections who were hospitalized from Jan2009 to May 2015.The clinical distribution and drug resistance of the strains were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The S.aureus bloodstream infection was prevalent in elderly patients and neonates;among the patients with bloodstream infection,35.5% distributed in the renal disease department,13.2% in the neonatal department,13.2%in the ICU.The drug resistance rate of the S.aureus to penicillin was the highest（94.7%）;the drug susceptibility rates to teicoplanin,vancomycin,and linezolid were 100%;the drug susceptibility rate to fusidic acid was 96.1%.The detection rate of methicillin-resistant S.aureus（MRSA）reached up to 40.8%;the drug susceptibility rates of the MRSA strains to gentamicin,clindamycin,levofloxacin,and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were significantly lower than those of the methicillin-sensitive S.aureus（MSSA）（P＜0.05）.There was no significant difference in the drug susceptibility rate to the commonly used antibiotics between the MRSA strains causing the community-acquired infection and the MRSA strains causing the hospital-acquired infection or between the MSSA strains causing the community-acquired infection and the MSSA strains causing the hospital-acquired infection.CONCLUSION The clinical distribution of the patients with S.aureus bloodstream infections is relatively concentrated,the detection rate of the MRSA strains is relatively high.The strains are highly drug-resistant.It is necessary for the hospital to conduct the anti-infection therapy as early as possible and reasonably use antibiotics so as to avoid the emergence of drug resistance.