Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution characteristics and related risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, so as to reduce the incidence of hospital infection. METHODS A total of 320 cases of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage admitted to hospital from Apr. 2012 to Jun. 2015 were treated as the research objects. Patients with hospital infections were conducted with sputum culture. The distribution of pathogens and related risk factors were analyzed, and prevention measures were proposed. RESULTS There were 72 cases of patients with nosocomial infections in 320 cases of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and the infection rate was 22.50%. Infected areas were mainly distributed in upper respiratory tract(22.22%), lower respiratory tract (31.94%),and abdominal (15.28%); A total of 82 strains of pathogenic bacteria were produced in total, and the main pathogens were E.coli (24.39%), Pneumonia klebsiella (18.29%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.95%). Multiariable logistic regression results showed that advanced age, hospitalization days, ECOG score, antibiotics and invasive operation were the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage patients complicated with nosocomial infections. CONCLUSION The main pathogenic bacteria caused nosocomial infections to patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were E.coli, S.aureus and P.klebsiella. Related risk factors should be controlled by anti-infection measures in order to improve prognosis.