Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing catheter-related bloodstream infections in department of pediatrics so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and control. METHODS A total of 211 children who were treated with central venous catheter indwelling in hospitals from Dec 2013 to Jan 2015 were recruited as the study objects. The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections and distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens were observed. RESULTS Of the 211 children, 73 had the catheter-related bloodstream infections, with the infection rate 34.60%. Totally 73 strains of pathogens were isolated, of which 28 (38.36%) were gram-positive bacteria, 32 (43.83%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 13 (17.81%) were fungi. The drug resistance rates of the Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus to nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, and linezolid were 0; the drug resistance rate of the Acinetobacter baumannii to cefoperazone was the lowest (13.33%); the drug resistance rate of the Klebsiella spp to imipenem was the lowest (0); the drug resistance rate of other species of gram-negative bacteria to cefoperazone was the lowest (22.22%); the drug resistance rates of the Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis to amphotericin B and flucytosine were the highest (100.00%). CONCLUSION The incidence of the catheter-related bloodstream infections is relatively high in the children of the department of pediatrics. It is necessary for the hospital to conduct targeted treatment based on the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens.