Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of nailfold microcirculation and hemorheological indexes of severed limb replantation patients with postoperative infections so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the postoperative infections in the severed limb replantation patients. METHODS Totally 56 patients who underwent the replantation of severed limb and had postoperative infections from Jan 2012 to Sep 2015 were recruited as the observation group, meanwhile, 56 patients who underwent the replantation of severed limb but did not have postoperative infections were set as the control group, then the nailfold microcirculation and hemorheological indexes were detected and compared between the two groups of patients, and the test results were observed and compared between the patients with superficial infections and the patients with deep infections in the observation group. RESULTS As for the nailfold microcirculation weighted integrals, the dirca loop integral of the observation group was (1.64±0.21), higher than (0.88±0.12) of the control group; the flow integral of the observation group was (2.31±0.27), higher than (1.18±0.15) of the control group; the loop integral of the observation group was (1.25±0.14), higher than (0.64±0.06) of the control group; the total integral of the observation group was (3.32±0.32), higher than (2.30±0.24) of the control group; other nailfold microcirculation indexes and hemorheological indexes were also higher in the observation group than in the control group; in the observation group, the test indexes of the patients with deep infections were higher than those of the patients with superficial infections, and there was significant difference (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The nailfold microcirculation and hemorheological indexes are relatively high in the severed limb replantation patients with postoperative infections, and there is significant difference in the test results between the patients with superficial infections and the patients with deep infections, therefore, it is necessary to focus on the improvement of microcirculation state of the patients.