Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for pelvic infections after hysteroscopic surgery so as to provide guidance for clinical work. METHODS A total of 100 patients who underwent the hysteroscopic surgery in the hospital from Jun 2013 to Jun 2015 were recruited as the study objects, then the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, the types of infections and results of etiological examination were recorded, and the risk factors were observed. RESULTS Of the 100 patients undergoing the hysteroscopic surgery, 6 had the postoperative infections, with the infection rate 6.00%. Totally 6 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 1 strain of Streptococcus spp, 1 strain of Staphylococcus spp, 2 strains of Escherichia coli, and 2 strains of Enterococcus spp. The infections occurred in 4 of 18 patients with diabetic mellitus, with the infection rate 22.22%; the infections occurred in 3 of 16 patients with anemia, with the infection rate 18.75%; the infections occurred in 2 of 39 patients undergoing the type Ⅲ surgery, with the infection rate 5.13%; the infections occurred in 4 of 19 patients undergoing the type Ⅳ surgery, with the infection rate 21.05%; the infections occurred in 5 of 14 patients with operation duration more than 1 hour, with the infection rate 35.71%; the infections occurred in 6 of 11 patients who had bad living habits, with the infection rate 54.55%. The incidence of the pelvic infections was significantly associated with the diabetic mellitus, anemia, type Ⅲ, Ⅳ surgery, operation duration more than 1 hour, and bad living habits (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are a variety of factors associated with the postoperative pelvic infections in the patients undergoing the hysteroscopic surgery. It is necessary to strengthen the nursing and education of the high-risk patients.