Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of detection of infection indicators before blood transfusion on blood transfusion infection so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and control of the blood infection and reduce medical disputes. METHODS The pre-transfusion infection indicators were detected for 1 300 patients who were supposed to receive the blood transfusion in the hospital from Jun 2012 to Jun 2015, including five markers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), total protein (TP), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The 8 indicators were detected for all the patients before blood transfusion by using enzyme immunoassay so as to understand the incidence of infection before the blood transfusion. RESULTS Among the infection indicators that were detected before the blood transfusion, the positive rate of HBsAb was the highest (21.69%), followed by HBsAg (10.85%). The patients presented 2 or 3 modes of superinfections; there were 26 (2.00%) patients with HBsAb plus HBeAb pattern of superinfection and 24 (1.85%) patients with HBsAg plus HBsAb plus HBcAb pattern of superinfection. There was significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg ,HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, or HBcAb among the patients in different age groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It is of great significance to strengthen the detection of 7 infection indicators before the blood transfusion so as to improve the safety of blood transfusion, identify potential diseases, and reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired cross infection as well as medical disputes.