Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the related factors for lower respiratory tract infections in surgical anesthesia patients so as to provide reliable basis for clinical prevention and treatment of the infections. METHODS A total of 900 patients who received the surgical anesthesia in First Sichuan Shuangliu County People's Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in Sichuan Province AUGUST from Jan 2012 to Dec 2014 were recruited as the study objects, then the retrospective survey was conducted for the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections, the related factors for the infections were analyzed, and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS18.0 software. RESULTS Of the 900 surgical anesthesia patients, 72 had nosocomial infections with the infection rate of 8.0%, of whom 35 (48.6%) had lower respiratory tract infections. Of the 35 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 34.3% had nervous system diseases, 22.9% had hepatobiliary system diseases, and 17.1% had thoracic and cardiovascular system diseases. The infection rate was significantly higher in the patients with general anesthesia than in the patients with local infiltration anesthesia or nerve block anesthesia; the infection rate was significantly higher in the patients with the anesthesia time no less than 3 hours than in the patients with the anesthesia time less than 3 hours (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are a variety of factors for the lower respiratory tract infections in the surgical anesthesia patients, and the influencing factors include the anesthesia modes, anesthesia time, disinfection methods, use of antibiotics, and conditions of anesthesia machine filter. It is necessary for the hospital to formulate the targeted control measures based on the influencing factors so as to reduce the incidence of the lower respiratory tract infections.