Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship of intrauterine infection and preterm children brain damage with head CT, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS A total of 170 premature babies in department of obstetrics in our hospital from Jan. 2014 to Feb. 2015 were selected, and the maternal chorioamnionitis were detected to determine the presence of intrauterine infection. Preterm children were divided into brain injury group (52 cases) and the non-brain injury group (118 cases). Various indicators of cord blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, neonatal CRP were also detected, and the differences of biochemical indexes were compared. RESULTS The maternal intrauterine infection rate of perinatal brain injury group (61.5%) was significantly higher than that of non-brain injury group (30.5%) (P<0.05). The CRP level of one-day old babies with neonatal brain injury (1.72±6.73) mmol/L was significantly higher than that of non-brain injury group (0.71±0.24) mmol / L (P<0.05), and the white blood cell count of two groups of newborn had no significant difference (P> 0.05). The IL^-1β (6.52±2.39) ρ·μg·L^-1, IL-6 (7.96±4.29) ρ·μg·L^-1, and TNF-α(5.46±1.28) ρ·μg·L- 1 levels of brain injury group were significantly higher than those of non-brain injury group, which were (1.52±1.28)ρ·μg·L^-1, (1.62±0.27)ρ·μg·L^-1,and (3.26±0.74)ρ·μg·L^-1 (P<0.05).The IL^-10 level of brain injury group (1.20±0.26)ρ·μg·L^-1 was significantly higher than that of non-brain injury group (1.59±0.28)ρ·μg·L^-1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Intrauterine infection in preterm children are more prone to brain damage, so the mothers need to do regular check-ups during pregnancy to avoid the emergence of intrauterine infection.