Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of postoperative infections in patients with rheumatic heart disease, so as to reduce postoperative infection and improve prognosis of patients with rheumatic heart disease. METHODS A total of 327 cases of patients with rheumatic heart disease underwent valve replacement therapy in our hospital from Jan. 2014 to Oct.2015 were chosen, and the complete clinical data were analyzed to determine whether there was infection. RESULTS There were 39 cases of postoperative infections in 327 cases, with the infection rate of 11.93%. The infection rate of patients over 50 years was significantly higher than other age groups (P<0.05), and the difference had no significance among other age groups. The infection rate in patients with history of 10 years was significantly higher than that of patients with history of 5~10 and 5 years (P< 0.05), and the difference was not significant between 5 years and 5~10 years. The infection rate of patients with grade Ⅳ heart function was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ (P< 0.05). The infection rate of patients with implementation of single valve replacement was significantly lower than that of double valve replacement patients (P<0.05). The infection rate of patients with aortic cross clamping time more than 120 min was significantly higher than that of the aortic cross clamping time less than 120 min (P<0.05), and there had no significant difference of infection rate of patients with aortic cross clamping time less than 60 min and 60 ~ 120 min. CONCLUSION Patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgery after treatment have a certain risk of postoperative infection, and its related factors include age, medical history, and surgical procedures, etc.