Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate related factors of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia and to develop appropriate countermeasures against it, so as to provide data to support the clinical treatment of aspiration pneumonia. METHODS To investigate the clinical data of 986 cases of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Jun. 2015, using χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis to summarize the influencing factors in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia and develop relevance countermeasures. RESULTS Among the 986 cases of patients, a total of 138 patients were diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia and the incidence rate was 14.00%. There were 82 cases of gram-negative bacteria detected, accounting for 59.42%, 44 cases of gram-positive bacteria infection, accounting for 31.88%, and 12 cases of fungal infections, accounting for 8.70%. Age, consciousness, improper posture, gastroesophageal reflux, dysphagia, underlying diseases, repeated suctioning, nasal feeding and use of denture had significant influence on the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients(P<0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis , age ≥70, the presence of underlying disease, gastroesophageal reflux, awareness disorder and nasal feeding were risk factors of aspiration pneumonia incidence in elderly patients. CONCLUSION Aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients has significantly correlation with a variety of factors. Targeted measures need to be taken to strengthen the patients airway management and improve prevention patients, which act as an important role, worth a reference for clinical use.