Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the related factors for pulmonary infections in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery and put forward the countermeasures so as to reduce the incidence of pulmonary infections in the patients undergoing the heart valve replacement surgery. METHODS A total of 297 patients who underwent the heart valve replacement surgery in the hospital from Feb 2013 to Jan 2015 were enrolled in the study, 26 patients with pulmonary infections were assigned as the pulmonary infection group, and 271 patients without pulmonary infections were set as the non-pulmonary infection group. The incidence of pulmonary infections, distribution of pathogens, and related factors were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS Of the 297 patients undergoing the heart valve replacement surgery, 31 had postoperative infections with the infection rate 10.44%, of whom 26 (83.87%) had pulmonary infections. Totally 26 strains of pathogens causing the pathogens were isolated, including 19 (73.07%) strains of gram-negative bacteria, 6 (23.08%) strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 1 (3.85%) strain of fungus. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) score, time of use of ventilator, rate of thoracotomy for second time of hemostasis, rate of sternal dehiscence, and incidence of low cardiac output syndrome were significently increased in the pulmonary infection group, as compared with the non-pulmonary infection group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION It is an effective way to investigate the distribution of the pathogens, analyze the related factors, and take targeted intervention measures so as to reduce the incidence of pulmonary infections in the patients undergoing the heart valve replacement surgery, and improve the curative effect.