Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the causes and countermeasures for nosocomial infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in the patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. METHODS The clinical data were collected from 260 patients who were hospitalized for peritoneal dialysis from Jan 2013 to Aug 2015, then the gender, age, length of hospital stay, peritoneal dialysis age, underlying diseases, complications, levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin, incidence of nosocomial infections, and nosocomial infection sites were recorded, and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS19.0 software. RESULTS The nosocomial infections occurred in 36 patients, with the infection rate 13.85%. Of the patients with nosocomial infections, 44.44% had respiratory tract infections, 22.22% had urinary tract infections, 13.90% had skin and mucous membrane infections,8.33% had peritoneal infections, 8.33% had gastrointestinal tract infections, and 2.78% had blood infections. The incidence of nosocomial infections was 19.15% in the patients with complications, higher than 9.66% in the patients without complications. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors for the nosocomial infections included the age, peritoneal dialysis age, low levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin, and complications (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are a variety of influencing factors for the nosocomial infections in the patients undergoing the peritoneal dialysis. It is necessary to take interventions aiming at the related factors for the infections so as to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.