Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study and observe the changes of erythrocyte immune and mucosal cilia structure of children with acute respiratory infection,in order to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment. METHODS A total of 75 children with acute respiratory infection in our hospital from Feb. 2014 to Jun. 2015 were selected as observation group,and another 75 healthy children with same age at the same time were selected as control group. The erythrocyte immune and mucosal cilia structure of the children in the two groups were detected and compared,then the detection results of the observation group with different severity of infection and infection sites were compared. The results were statistically analyzed by software SPSS5.0. RESULTS The erythrocyte immune indexes including regulator factor enhance rate (FEER),associated tumor erythrocyte rosette(ATER),direct tumor erythrocyte rosette(DTER) and red blood cell C3b receptor(RBC-C3bR) of the observation group were respectively(60.25±3.98)%,(55.34±4.70)%,(29.62±2.88)% and(15.65±1.74)%, which were all lower than those of the control group,and the abnormal rate of mucosal cilia structure were higher than that of the control group. The differences were all significant(P＜0.05). The detection results of children with different severity of infection and infection sites also had significant differences (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The erythrocyte immune of children with acute respiratory infection shows worse state,and the abnormal situation of mucosal cilia structure are obvious,so enough attention should be paid to them