Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the specialty of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection so as to guide early diagnosis and effective treatment. METHODS A total of 120 children with EBV infection from Jul. 2009 to Oct. 2015 were selected, who was positive for EBV-DNA or VCA-IgM antibody were analyzed. Considering the clinical manifestation and laboratory inspection, the children divided into IM group with 43 cases and simple EBV infection group with 77 cases, and characters of these children in these two groups were compared. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Among the 120 children, infectious mononucleosis(IM) was the main disease with 43 cases accounting for 35.8%. Fever, tonsil inflammation and diffusate, and lymphadenectasis were the three main clinical manifestations of IM. The incidences of palpebral oedema and hepatosplenomegaly in IM group were sisnificeatly higher than the EBV infection group (P<0.05). There were one case of concurrency hepatosplenomegaly and one cases of active chronic EBV infection in IM group, and the rest got cured in clinic. There was no concurrency or death in EBV infection group, all 77 cases cured. CONCLUSION Real-time PCR test for EBV-DNA in plasma is good for early diagnosis for EBV infection children. IM is not only one of disease in children with EBV infection, and is likely to see mixed infection. The diagnostic significance of abnormal lymphocyte>10% is declining. It will have better effect to add gamma globulin into treatment.