Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the related factors for postoperative urinary tract infection and stone recurrence in kidney stone patients so as to provide theoretical bases for clinical prevention and treatment of the urinary tract infection and stone recurrence. METHODS A total of 75 patients with kidney stones who were treated in the hospital from Nov 2012 to Oct 2014 were enrolled in the study, all the patients received ureteroscopy lithotripsy (URL) or URL combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), the related clinical data were analyzed, the prevalence of urinary tract infection was determined, and the regression analysis was performed to observe the related factors for the urinary tract infection and stone recurrence. RESULTS Of 13 patients with the urine routine WBC more than +++, 5 had the infection, with the infection rate 38.5%; of 62 patients with WBC less than ++ or normal WBC, 6 had the infection, with the infection rate 9.7%, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The infection occurred in 3 of 8 patients with the length of hospital stay no less than 10 days, with the infection rate 37.5%; the infection occurred in 5 of 67 patients with the length of hospital stay less than 10 days, with the infection rate 7.5%, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). A one-year follow-up showed that the recurrence rate of kidney stone was 53.8% in the patients with the urine routine WBC more than +++, 6.5% in the patients with normal WBC, 54.5% in the patients with urinary tract infection. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the kidney stone recurrence was associated with a variety of factors, including the age, urine WBC, length of hospital stay, and occurrence of postoperative urinary tract infection. CONCLUSION The postoperative urinary tract infection is a leading factor for the stone recurrence in the kidney stone patients, therefore, it is necessary to focus on the prevention and control of postoperative urinary tract infections so as to reduce the recurrence rate of kidney stone.