Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the related factors for blood-borne occupational exposure among health care workers so as to put forward the prevention countermeasures. METHODS A total of 110 health care workers who had the blood-borne occupational exposure from Feb 2013 to Feb 2015 were retrospectively investigated, then the occupations, exposure modes, exposure locations, and exposure sources were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS Among the health care workers who had the blood-borne occupational exposures, nurses accounted for 46.36%, and doctors accounted for 33.64%. 43.64% of the blood-borne occupational exposure occurred in operating rooms, 38.18% in wards. Among 90 health care workers who were at risk of exposure, 61 (67.78%) were at risk of exposure to viral hepatitis B, 19 (21.11%) were at risk of exposure to syphilis, 5 (5.56%) were at risk of exposure to viral hepatitis C, and 3 (3.33%) were at risk of exposure to AIDS. Of the 110 health care workers, 96 (87.27%) had the exposure induced by sharp instrument injuries, 12 (10.91%) had the exposure induced by body fluid or blood splashing to eye mucosa of the health car workers, and 2 (1.82%) had the exposure induced by contact with damaged skin. Among the sharp instruments that resulted in the sharp injuries, syringe needles accounted for 33.33%, and infusion apparatus needles accounted for 29.17%. 38.54% of the sharp injuries occurred during the process of operation, and 35.42% occurred at the time of withdrawal of needles. CONCLUSION It is an effective way to strengthen the training of the health care workers, improve the occupational skills, boost the occupational prevention capabilities, and carry out the prevention measures so as to reduce the blood-borne occupational exposure.