Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infections in department of hepatobiliary surgery by using real-time national nosocomial infection surveillance (RT-NNIS) system and define the key infection sites, major species of pathogens, and related risk factors so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and control of the nosocomial infections. METHODS The data were collected from 16 820 patients who were treated in the department of hepatobiliary surgery from Jan 1, 2012 to Dec 31, 2015, then the statistical description was performed for the infection rates, infection sites, and constituent ratios of pathogens, and the univariate chi-square analysis was carried out for the related factors. RESULTS Of totally 16820 patients who were hospitalized in 5 wards of the department of hepatobiliary surgery, 819 had infections, with the total infection rate 4.87%.The top 3 infection sites were in turn as follows: the surgical sites, bacteremia, lower respiratory tract.The top 3 species of pathogens were in turn as follows: the Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli.The result of the univariate analysis showed that the risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the department of hepatobiliary surgery included the male, no less than 65 years of age, surgery, ICU stay, and use of antibiotics as well as use of central venous catheter, urinary catheter, and ventilator (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of nosocomial infections remains high in the department of hepatobiliary surgery; the species of pathogens and infection sties are relatively concentrated.It is necessary for the hospital to attach great importance to the key infection sites and the major species of pathogens.