Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogen distribution and risk factors of prostheses surrounding infection after total hip arthroplasty replacement, and summarize preventive measures, so as to improve the efficacy. METHODS A total of 219 cases of total hip replacement patients in our hospital from May 2011 to May 2012 were under retrospective analysis to analyze pathogen distribution and summarize the relevant factors of infection. RESULTS A total of 20 cases of patients got prosthetic surrounding infection, and the infection rate was 9.13%. A total of 27 pathogens were isolated, mainly including Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 40.74%. Long time surgery, more drainage, complications, immunosuppressive agents, antimicrobial drug use time, and not standardized aseptic after total hip arthroplasty replacement were the single risk factors for prosthetic surrounding infection (P<0.05). The gender, age, invasive procedures, leukocytosis were irrelevant. CONCLUSION Medical treatment should be regulated after total hip arthroplasty. It is necessary to have preoperative control of complications and intraoperative aseptic, so as to minimize human factors caused prosthesis surrounding infection.