Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for respiratory tract infections in children of PICU of pediatrics department and put forward the prevention measures for the respiratory tract infections so as to reduce the incidence of the infections. METHODS A total of 104 children who were hospitalized the PICU of pediatrics department from Feb 2009 to Feb 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, then the risk factors for the respiratory tract infections were analyzed, the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens causing the infections were observed. RESULTS Totally 15 cases had the respiratory tract infections, which were associated with the no more than 2 years of age, length of hospital stay more than 5 days, invasive operations, unreasonable use of antibiotics, intravenous nutrition, occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome, and lack of trace elements (P<0.05); the high risk factors for the respiratory tract infections in the PICU children included the age, length of hospital stay, invasive operations, use of antibiotics, intravenous nutrition, respiratory distress syndrome, and trace elements (P<0.05). A total of 29 strains of pathogens were isolated, of which 75.86% were gram-negative bacteria, and 24.14% were gram-positive bacteria; the Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 31.03%, and the Escherichia coli accounted for 24.14%. The drug resistance rates of the gram-negative bacteria to imipenem and vancomycin were 0. CONCLUSION There are a variety of risk factors for the respiratory tract infections in the children of PICU of pediatrics department; it is necessary for the hospital to reasonably use antibiotics and standardize the treatment.