Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of prophylactic use of antibiotics on postoperative infections in patients undergoing coronary intervention so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS A total of 136 patients who underwent the coronary intervention in the hospital from Feb 2012 to Apr 2013 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups, with 68 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with appropriate dose of antibiotics for prophylaxis at one hour before surgery, while the control group was not given antibiotics. The postoperative symptoms, incidence of infections, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization cost were observed and compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the postoperative fever, elevated C-reactive protein, leukocytosis, increase of neutrophils, incidence of postoperative infections or suspected infections, or length of hospital stay between the observation group and the control group; however, the hospitalization cost of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of the postoperative infections in the patients undergoing the coronary intervention is not significantly associated with the prophylactic use of antibiotics but may lead to the increase of treatment cost, therefore, the antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary in the hospital, which may reduce the drug resistance to some extent and facilitate the reasonable use of antibiotics.