Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the Clostridium difficile infection and the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment of IBD. METHODS A total of 58 patients with IBD who were treated in the hospital from May 2015 to Oct 2015 were chosen as the observation group, meanwhile, 42 healthy people who underwent the physical examination were set as the control group. The C.difficile was detected for the two groups by using two-step ELISA sandwich method and end point fluorescence, the incidence of C.difficile infection in the patients with different clinical symptoms was analyzed, and the correlation was observed. RESULTS Of the 58 patients with IBD in the observation group,8 had the C.difficile infection, accounting for 13.79%. The incidence rate of C.difficile infection was 28.57% in the patients with Crohn's disease, 20.00% in the patients with the disease in active period, 37.50% in the patients with initial onset of disease, 21.88% in the patients with colon involvement, significantly higher than 5.41% in the patients with ulcerative colitis, 0.00% in the patients with the disease in remission stage, 10.00% in the patients with non-initial onset of disease, 3.85% in the patients with non-colon involvement, and there was significant difference(P＜0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the C.difficile infection in the patients with IBD was positively correlated with Crohn's disease, disease in active stage, initial onset of disease, and colon involvement (r=0.684, 0.781,0.703,0.639;all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of C.difficile infection is closely associated with the occurrence and development of IBD.