Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in children with purulent meningitis and analyze the drug resistance so as to improve the clinical therapeutic effect. METHODS The clinical data were collected from 38 purulent meningitis children complicated with S.pneumoniae infection who were treated in the hospital from Oct 2014 to Oct 2015.The blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and sputum specimens that were obtained from the children were cultured, and the drug resistance of the isolated pathogens was observed. RESULTS A total of 38 strains of S.pneumoniae were isolated from the 38 children, of which 60.53% were isolated from the blood specimens, and 28.95% were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid specimens.The S.pneumoniae infection-associated purulent meningitis tended to occur in the male children with less than 2 years of age, and the spring and winter were the peak seasons.The incidence of S.pneumoniae infection-associated purulent meningitis was high in the children with sepsis or the children without underlying diseases, and the community-acquired S.pneumoniae infection was dominant.The drug resistance rates of the S.pneumoniae to penicillin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin were 0; however, the drug resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were high. CONCLUSION The incidence of S.pneumoniae infection-associated purulent meningitis is high among the children aged less than 5 years old, and the children with sepsis or purulent meningitis are dominant.It is necessary to strengthen the culture of pathogens and drug susceptibility testing for the children and choose sensitive antibiotics for treatment.