Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore how to select the appropriate sample type according to the clinical condition of EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-infected children by analyzing the relationship of results of quantitative analysis of EBV-DNA between lymphocytes and serum. METHODS Peripheral blood and serum were collected from 199 pediatric patients who were selected as suspected of EBV infection patients in our hospital from Sep. to Dec. 2015. EBV-DNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and IgM was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS According to EBV-DNA, the positive cases of peripheral blood and serum in total 199 patients were 95 cases (47.7%) and 36 cases (18.1%) respectively. And 23 cases were EBV-CA-IgM positive, and the seroprevalence was 11.6%. When these two type specimens in IgM negative cases, there was significant difference (P<0.01). Meanwhile, paired-analysis of double EBV-DNA positive cases in peripheral blood and serum showed that quantitative results were positively correlated (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The positive rate and the number of copies of EBV-DNA in lymphocytes of peripheral blood were higher than serum. Select the appropriate sample according to the clinical condition of children.