Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of ceftazidime on control of postoperative infections in lung cancer patients and study the impact on inflammatory stress so as to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. METHODS A total of 100 lung cancer patients complicated with postoperative infections who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2012 to Jun 2015 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 50 cases in each.The experimental group was treated with ceftazidime, the control group was given Tazime, the dosing concentration of both groups was 2.0%, twice a day, continuous administration of 1-2 weeks.The levels of serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) were determined before the surgery and after the surgery for 1, 3, and 5 days; the white blood cell counts, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂), and fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂) were detected. RESULTS The levels of PCT, CRP, and TNF-α and white blood cell counts of the two groups of patients were remarkably elevated after the surgery for 1 and 3 days (P＜0.05); the levels of PCT, CRP, and TNF-α and white blood cell counts of the two groups of patients returned to normal after the surgery for 5 days.The levels of PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂ of the two groups of patients were significantly reduced after the surgery for 1 and 3 days (P＜0.05); the levels of PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂ of the two groups of patients returned to normal after the surgery for 5 days.There was no significant difference in the level of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, PaO₂, PaO₂/FiO₂, or white blood cell counts between the two groups of patients at the time points. CONCLUSION The ceftazidime can achieve significant effect on control of postoperative infections in the lung cancer patients, effectively inhibit the inflammatory stress, and facilitate the recovery of lung function after the surgery.