Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between the thyroid autoimmune antibodies (TAA) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection so as to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of HCV infection. METHODS A total of 298 patients with positive TAA who were screened out from Jul 2001 to Jul 2015 were extracted and enrolled in the study, meanwhile 300 patients who were negative for TAA were set as the controls according to the matching of ages and genders, the correlation between the levels of serum anti-HCV and the TAA was analyzed; during the same period, 156 patients with hepatitis C, 150 healthy people, and 149 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the study, the thyroid-related indicators were observed, and the Pearson analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TpOAb) levels and the serum anti-HCV. RESULTS The HCV infection occurred in 8 of 298 patients who were positive for TAA, with the infection rate 2.68%, the HCV infection occurred in 4 of 300 patients who were negative for TAA, with the infection rate 1.33%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The serum anti-HCV level of the positive TAA group was significantly higher than that of the negative TAA group (P<0.05). In the positive TAA group, the TpOAb level was positively correlated with the serum anti-HCV (r=0.785,P<0.05). The positive rates of TpOAb and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) of the patients with hepatitis C were respectively 30.13% and 31.41%,significantly higher than 8.05% and 6.71% of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and than 9.33% and 8.67% of the normal group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of HCV infection is not increased in the patients with abnormal TAA levels, however, the TpOAb level of the patients with positive TAA is positively correlated with the anti-HCV level; the positive rates of TpOAb and TgAb of the hepatitis C patients are significantly higher than those of the healthy people and the chronic hepatitis B patients, indicating that the patients with hepatitis C should be paid attention to the change of the thyroid indicators.