Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the application value of combined detection of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in screening of pathogens isolated from respiratory tracts of hospitalized children and analyze the correlation between the two so as to provide reliable basis for prevention and control of outbreak and prevalence of RSV and M.pneumoniae in high seasons as well as nosocomial infections.METHODS The fluorescence quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction（FQ-PCR）technique was employed to conduct the combined detection of RSV and M.pneumoniae causing respiratory tract infections in the children who were hospitalized from Jul 2011 to Jun 2015.3956 cases in total the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS11.0software.RESULTS The total infection rate of the combined detection of RSV and M.pneumoniae was 14.61% in 2011-2015;the total infection rate of RSV was 7.10%,the total infection rate of M.pneumoniae was 7.33%;the double infection rate of RSV and M.pneumoniae was 0.18%.Among the five common respiratory diseases,the incidence of bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis caused by the RSV and M.pneumoniae was highest.Among the five age groups of children,the incidence of RSV and M.pneumoniaeinfection was highest in the children aged between 1and 5years old.CONCLUSION The combined detection of RSV and M.pneumoniaecan remarkably raise the detection rate of the common pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in the children,which has avoided the missed detection of double infection.The bronchopneumonia is mainly caused by the RSV and M.pneumoniae,followed by the acute bronchitis.The high prevalence trend of the RSV is opposite to that of the M.pneumoniae,which should be attached great importance to.The children aged less than 5years old tend to have RSV infection,while the children aged between 1and 10 years old tend to have the M.pneumoniae infection.